Investigar el rendimiento de DBMS MS SQL Server Developer 2016 y PostgreSQL 10.5 para 1C

1. postgresql.conf:
   La configuración básica se realizó utilizando la calculadora: pgconfigurator.cybertec.at , los parámetros huge_pages, checkpoint_timeout, max_wal_size, min_wal_size, random_page_cost cambiaron en función de la información recibida de las fuentes mencionadas al final de la publicación. El valor del parámetro temp_buffers aumentó, según la sugerencia de que 1C usa activamente tablas temporales:
   
   

   listen_addresses = '*' max_connections = 1000 #     .          .    32     25%    . shared_buffers = 9GB #   (  Linux - vm.nr_hugepages). huge_pages = on #      . temp_buffers = 256MB #      ORDER BY, DISTINCT, merge joins, join, hash-based aggregation, hash-based processing of IN subqueries. #  ,  1     ( "Mostly complicated real-time SQL queries"  ).     64MB. work_mem = 128MB #    . VACUUM,  , etc. maintenance_work_mem = 512MB #    (vm.dirty_background_bytes, vm.dirty_bytes),        IO   CHECKPOINT. checkpoint_timeout = 30min max_wal_size = 3GB min_wal_size = 512MB checkpoint_completion_target = 0.9 seq_page_cost = 1 #   .  - - 4.  RAID10  . random_page_cost = 2.5 #       postgres ,    PageCache. effective_cache_size = 22GB 

   
   
2. Kernel, parámetros del sistema operativo:
   
   La configuración se establece en el formato de archivo de perfil para el demonio sintonizado:
   
   

    [sysctl] #     (PageCache),       /     . #-    (10,30)               /. #    CHECKPOINT     I/O. #       RAID-  write-back cache  512MB. vm.dirty_background_bytes = 67108864 vm.dirty_bytes = 536870912 # SWAP -.    ,    OOM. vm.swappiness = 1 # ,        CPU. #         CPU  . #    . kernel.sched_migration_cost_ns = 5000000 #    CPU   . #       0.    . kernel.sched_autogroup_enabled = 0 #    .     . #     - https://www.postgresql.org/docs/11/kernel-resources.html#LINUX-HUGE-PAGES vm.nr_hugepages = 5000 [vm] #   .         ,    .  ,     . transparent_hugepages=never #  CPU.       ,      . [cpu] force_latency=1 governor=performance energy_perf_bias=performance min_perf_pct=100 

   
   
3. Sistema de archivos:
   
   

    # : #stride  stripe_width    RAID 10  6-    stripe  1024kb mkfs.ext4 -E stride=256,stripe_width=768 /dev/sdb # : /dev/sdb /var/lib/pgsql ext4 noatime,nodiratime,data=ordered,barrier=0,errors=remount-ro 0 2 #noatime,nodiratime -         #data=ordered -     .     #barrier=0 -       .  RAID-     . 

 # ----------------------------- # PostgreSQL configuration file # ----------------------------- # # This file consists of lines of the form: # # name = value # # (The "=" is optional.) Whitespace may be used. Comments are introduced with # "#" anywhere on a line. The complete list of parameter names and allowed # values can be found in the PostgreSQL documentation. # # The commented-out settings shown in this file represent the default values. # Re-commenting a setting is NOT sufficient to revert it to the default value; # you need to reload the server. # # This file is read on server startup and when the server receives a SIGHUP # signal. If you edit the file on a running system, you have to SIGHUP the # server for the changes to take effect, run "pg_ctl reload", or execute # "SELECT pg_reload_conf()". Some parameters, which are marked below, # require a server shutdown and restart to take effect. # # Any parameter can also be given as a command-line option to the server, eg, # "postgres -c log_connections=on". Some parameters can be changed at run time # with the "SET" SQL command. # # Memory units: kB = kilobytes Time units: ms = milliseconds # MB = megabytes s = seconds # GB = gigabytes min = minutes # TB = terabytes h = hours # d = days #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # FILE LOCATIONS #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # The default values of these variables are driven from the -D command-line # option or PGDATA environment variable, represented here as ConfigDir. #data_directory = 'ConfigDir' # use data in another directory # (change requires restart) #hba_file = 'ConfigDir/pg_hba.conf' # host-based authentication file # (change requires restart) #ident_file = 'ConfigDir/pg_ident.conf' # ident configuration file # (change requires restart) # If external_pid_file is not explicitly set, no extra PID file is written. #external_pid_file = '' # write an extra PID file # (change requires restart) #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # CONNECTIONS AND AUTHENTICATION #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # - Connection Settings - listen_addresses = '*' # what IP address(es) to listen on; # comma-separated list of addresses; # defaults to 'localhost'; use '*' for all # (change requires restart) #port = 5432 # (change requires restart) max_connections = 1000 # (change requires restart) #superuser_reserved_connections = 3 # (change requires restart) #unix_socket_directories = '/var/run/postgresql, /tmp' # comma-separated list of directories # (change requires restart) #unix_socket_group = '' # (change requires restart) #unix_socket_permissions = 0777 # begin with 0 to use octal notation # (change requires restart) #bonjour = off # advertise server via Bonjour # (change requires restart) #bonjour_name = '' # defaults to the computer name # (change requires restart) # - Security and Authentication - #authentication_timeout = 1min # 1s-600s ssl = off #ssl_ciphers = 'HIGH:MEDIUM:+3DES:!aNULL' # allowed SSL ciphers #ssl_prefer_server_ciphers = on #ssl_ecdh_curve = 'prime256v1' #ssl_dh_params_file = '' #ssl_cert_file = 'server.crt' #ssl_key_file = 'server.key' #ssl_ca_file = '' #ssl_crl_file = '' #test #password_encryption = md5 # md5 or scram-sha-256 #db_user_namespace = off row_security = off # GSSAPI using Kerberos #krb_server_keyfile = '' #krb_caseins_users = off # - TCP Keepalives - # see "man 7 tcp" for details #tcp_keepalives_idle = 0 # TCP_KEEPIDLE, in seconds; # 0 selects the system default #tcp_keepalives_interval = 0 # TCP_KEEPINTVL, in seconds; # 0 selects the system default #tcp_keepalives_count = 0 # TCP_KEEPCNT; # 0 selects the system default #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # RESOURCE USAGE (except WAL) #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # - Memory - shared_buffers = 9GB # min 128kB # (change requires restart) huge_pages = on # on, off, or try # (change requires restart) temp_buffers = 256MB # min 800kB #max_prepared_transactions = 0 # zero disables the feature # (change requires restart) # Caution: it is not advisable to set max_prepared_transactions nonzero unless # you actively intend to use prepared transactions. # work_mem = 128MB # min 64kB maintenance_work_mem = 512MB # min 1MB #replacement_sort_tuples = 150000 # limits use of replacement selection sort #autovacuum_work_mem = -1 # min 1MB, or -1 to use maintenance_work_mem #max_stack_depth = 2MB # min 100kB dynamic_shared_memory_type = posix # the default is the first option # supported by the operating system: # posix # sysv # windows # mmap # use none to disable dynamic shared memory # (change requires restart) # - Disk - #temp_file_limit = -1 # limits per-process temp file space # in kB, or -1 for no limit # - Kernel Resource Usage - max_files_per_process = 10000 # min 25 # (change requires restart) shared_preload_libraries = 'online_analyze, plantuner' # (change requires restart) # - Cost-Based Vacuum Delay - #vacuum_cost_delay = 0 # 0-100 milliseconds #vacuum_cost_page_hit = 1 # 0-10000 credits #vacuum_cost_page_miss = 10 # 0-10000 credits #vacuum_cost_page_dirty = 20 # 0-10000 credits #vacuum_cost_limit = 200 # 1-10000 credits # - Background Writer - bgwriter_delay = 20ms # 10-10000ms between rounds bgwriter_lru_maxpages = 400 # 0-1000 max buffers written/round bgwriter_lru_multiplier = 4.0 # 0-10.0 multiplier on buffers scanned/round bgwriter_flush_after = 0 # measured in pages, 0 disables # - Asynchronous Behavior - effective_io_concurrency = 3 # 1-1000; 0 disables prefetching max_worker_processes = 8 # (change requires restart) max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 4 # taken from max_parallel_workers max_parallel_workers = 8 # maximum number of max_worker_processes that # can be used in parallel queries #old_snapshot_threshold = -1 # 1min-60d; -1 disables; 0 is immediate # (change requires restart) #backend_flush_after = 0 # measured in pages, 0 disables #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # WRITE AHEAD LOG #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # - Settings - wal_level = minimal # minimal, replica, or logical # (change requires restart) #fsync = on # flush data to disk for crash safety # (turning this off can cause # unrecoverable data corruption) #synchronous_commit = on # synchronization level; # off, local, remote_write, remote_apply, or on wal_sync_method = fdatasync # the default is the first option # supported by the operating system: # open_datasync # fdatasync (default on Linux) # fsync # fsync_writethrough # open_sync #wal_sync_method = open_datasync #full_page_writes = on # recover from partial page writes wal_compression = on # enable compression of full-page writes #wal_log_hints = off # also do full page writes of non-critical updates # (change requires restart) wal_buffers = -1 # min 32kB, -1 sets based on shared_buffers # (change requires restart) wal_writer_delay = 200ms # 1-10000 milliseconds wal_writer_flush_after = 1MB # measured in pages, 0 disables commit_delay = 1000 # range 0-100000, in microseconds #commit_siblings = 5 # range 1-1000 # - Checkpoints - checkpoint_timeout = 30min # range 30s-1d max_wal_size = 3GB min_wal_size = 512MB checkpoint_completion_target = 0.9 # checkpoint target duration, 0.0 - 1.0 #checkpoint_flush_after = 256kB # measured in pages, 0 disables #checkpoint_warning = 30s # 0 disables # - Archiving - #archive_mode = off # enables archiving; off, on, or always # (change requires restart) #archive_command = '' # command to use to archive a logfile segment # placeholders: %p = path of file to archive # %f = file name only # eg 'test ! -f /mnt/server/archivedir/%f && cp %p /mnt/server/archivedir/%f' #archive_timeout = 0 # force a logfile segment switch after this # number of seconds; 0 disables #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # REPLICATION #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # - Sending Server(s) - # Set these on the master and on any standby that will send replication data. max_wal_senders = 0 # max number of walsender processes # (change requires restart) #wal_keep_segments = 130 # in logfile segments, 16MB each; 0 disables #wal_sender_timeout = 60s # in milliseconds; 0 disables #max_replication_slots = 10 # max number of replication slots # (change requires restart) #track_commit_timestamp = off # collect timestamp of transaction commit # (change requires restart) # - Master Server - # These settings are ignored on a standby server. #synchronous_standby_names = '' # standby servers that provide sync rep # method to choose sync standbys, number of sync standbys, # and comma-separated list of application_name # from standby(s); '*' = all #vacuum_defer_cleanup_age = 0 # number of xacts by which cleanup is delayed # - Standby Servers - # These settings are ignored on a master server. #hot_standby = on # "off" disallows queries during recovery # (change requires restart) #max_standby_archive_delay = 30s # max delay before canceling queries # when reading WAL from archive; # -1 allows indefinite delay #max_standby_streaming_delay = 30s # max delay before canceling queries # when reading streaming WAL; # -1 allows indefinite delay #wal_receiver_status_interval = 10s # send replies at least this often # 0 disables #hot_standby_feedback = off # send info from standby to prevent # query conflicts #wal_receiver_timeout = 60s # time that receiver waits for # communication from master # in milliseconds; 0 disables #wal_retrieve_retry_interval = 5s # time to wait before retrying to # retrieve WAL after a failed attempt # - Subscribers - # These settings are ignored on a publisher. #max_logical_replication_workers = 4 # taken from max_worker_processes # (change requires restart) #max_sync_workers_per_subscription = 2 # taken from max_logical_replication_workers #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # QUERY TUNING #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # - Planner Method Configuration - #enable_bitmapscan = on #enable_hashagg = on #enable_hashjoin = on #enable_indexscan = on #enable_indexonlyscan = on #enable_material = on #enable_mergejoin = on #enable_nestloop = on #enable_seqscan = on #enable_sort = on #enable_tidscan = on # - Planner Cost Constants - seq_page_cost = 1 # measured on an arbitrary scale random_page_cost = 2.5 # same scale as above #cpu_tuple_cost = 0.01 # same scale as above #cpu_index_tuple_cost = 0.005 # same scale as above #cpu_operator_cost = 0.0025 # same scale as above #parallel_tuple_cost = 0.1 # same scale as above #parallel_setup_cost = 1000.0 # same scale as above #min_parallel_table_scan_size = 8MB #min_parallel_index_scan_size = 512kB effective_cache_size = 22GB # - Genetic Query Optimizer - #geqo = on #geqo_threshold = 12 #geqo_effort = 5 # range 1-10 #geqo_pool_size = 0 # selects default based on effort #geqo_generations = 0 # selects default based on effort #geqo_selection_bias = 2.0 # range 1.5-2.0 #geqo_seed = 0.0 # range 0.0-1.0 # - Other Planner Options - #default_statistics_target = 100 # range 1-10000 #constraint_exclusion = partition # on, off, or partition #cursor_tuple_fraction = 0.1 # range 0.0-1.0 from_collapse_limit = 20 join_collapse_limit = 20 # 1 disables collapsing of explicit # JOIN clauses #force_parallel_mode = off #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # ERROR REPORTING AND LOGGING #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # - Where to Log - log_destination = 'stderr' # Valid values are combinations of # stderr, csvlog, syslog, and eventlog, # depending on platform. csvlog # requires logging_collector to be on. # This is used when logging to stderr: logging_collector = on # Enable capturing of stderr and csvlog # into log files. Required to be on for # csvlogs. # (change requires restart) # These are only used if logging_collector is on: log_directory = 'pg_log' # directory where log files are written, # can be absolute or relative to PGDATA log_filename = 'postgresql-%a.log' # log file name pattern, # can include strftime() escapes #log_file_mode = 0600 # creation mode for log files, # begin with 0 to use octal notation log_truncate_on_rotation = on # If on, an existing log file with the # same name as the new log file will be # truncated rather than appended to. # But such truncation only occurs on # time-driven rotation, not on restarts # or size-driven rotation. Default is # off, meaning append to existing files # in all cases. log_rotation_age = 1d # Automatic rotation of logfiles will # happen after that time. 0 disables. log_rotation_size = 0 # Automatic rotation of logfiles will # happen after that much log output. # 0 disables. # These are relevant when logging to syslog: #syslog_facility = 'LOCAL0' #syslog_ident = 'postgres' #syslog_sequence_numbers = on #syslog_split_messages = on # This is only relevant when logging to eventlog (win32): # (change requires restart) #event_source = 'PostgreSQL' # - When to Log - #client_min_messages = notice # values in order of decreasing detail: # debug5 # debug4 # debug3 # debug2 # debug1 # log # notice # warning # error #log_min_messages = warning # values in order of decreasing detail: # debug5 # debug4 # debug3 # debug2 # debug1 # info # notice # warning # error # log # fatal # panic #log_min_error_statement = error # values in order of decreasing detail: # debug5 # debug4 # debug3 # debug2 # debug1 # info # notice # warning # error # log # fatal # panic (effectively off) #log_min_duration_statement = -1 # -1 is disabled, 0 logs all statements # and their durations, > 0 logs only # statements running at least this number # of milliseconds # - What to Log - #debug_print_parse = off #debug_print_rewritten = off #debug_print_plan = off #debug_pretty_print = on log_checkpoints = on log_connections = on log_disconnections = on log_duration = on #log_error_verbosity = default # terse, default, or verbose messages #log_hostname = off log_line_prefix = '< %m >' # special values: # %a = application name # %u = user name # %d = database name # %r = remote host and port # %h = remote host # %p = process ID # %t = timestamp without milliseconds # %m = timestamp with milliseconds # %n = timestamp with milliseconds (as a Unix epoch) # %i = command tag # %e = SQL state # %c = session ID # %l = session line number # %s = session start timestamp # %v = virtual transaction ID # %x = transaction ID (0 if none) # %q = stop here in non-session # processes # %% = '%' # eg '<%u%%%d> ' log_lock_waits = on # log lock waits >= deadlock_timeout log_statement = 'all' # none, ddl, mod, all #log_replication_commands = off log_temp_files = 0 # log temporary files equal or larger # than the specified size in kilobytes; # -1 disables, 0 logs all temp files log_timezone = 'W-SU' # - Process Title - #cluster_name = '' # added to process titles if nonempty # (change requires restart) #update_process_title = on #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # RUNTIME STATISTICS #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # - Query/Index Statistics Collector - #track_activities = on #track_counts = on #track_io_timing = on #track_functions = none # none, pl, all #track_activity_query_size = 1024 # (change requires restart) #stats_temp_directory = 'pg_stat_tmp' # - Statistics Monitoring - #log_parser_stats = off #log_planner_stats = off #log_executor_stats = off #log_statement_stats = off #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # AUTOVACUUM PARAMETERS #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ autovacuum = on # Enable autovacuum subprocess? 'on' # requires track_counts to also be on. log_autovacuum_min_duration = 0 # -1 disables, 0 logs all actions and # their durations, > 0 logs only # actions running at least this number # of milliseconds. autovacuum_max_workers = 4 # max number of autovacuum subprocesses # (change requires restart) #autovacuum_naptime = 20s # time between autovacuum runs #autovacuum_vacuum_threshold = 50 # min number of row updates before # vacuum #autovacuum_analyze_threshold = 50 # min number of row updates before # analyze #autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor = 0.2 # fraction of table size before vacuum #autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor = 0.1 # fraction of table size before analyze #autovacuum_freeze_max_age = 200000000 # maximum XID age before forced vacuum # (change requires restart) #autovacuum_multixact_freeze_max_age = 400000000 # maximum multixact age # before forced vacuum # (change requires restart) #autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay = 20ms # default vacuum cost delay for # autovacuum, in milliseconds; # -1 means use vacuum_cost_delay #autovacuum_vacuum_cost_limit = -1 # default vacuum cost limit for # autovacuum, -1 means use # vacuum_cost_limit #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # CLIENT CONNECTION DEFAULTS #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # - Statement Behavior - #search_path = '"$user", public' # schema names #default_tablespace = '' # a tablespace name, '' uses the default #temp_tablespaces = '' # a list of tablespace names, '' uses # only default tablespace #check_function_bodies = on #default_transaction_isolation = 'read committed' #default_transaction_read_only = off #default_transaction_deferrable = off #session_replication_role = 'origin' #statement_timeout = 0 # in milliseconds, 0 is disabled #lock_timeout = 0 # in milliseconds, 0 is disabled #idle_in_transaction_session_timeout = 0 # in milliseconds, 0 is disabled #vacuum_freeze_min_age = 50000000 #vacuum_freeze_table_age = 150000000 #vacuum_multixact_freeze_min_age = 5000000 #vacuum_multixact_freeze_table_age = 150000000 #bytea_output = 'hex' # hex, escape #xmlbinary = 'base64' #xmloption = 'content' #gin_fuzzy_search_limit = 0 #gin_pending_list_limit = 4MB # - Locale and Formatting - datestyle = 'iso, dmy' #intervalstyle = 'postgres' timezone = 'W-SU' #timezone_abbreviations = 'Default' # Select the set of available time zone # abbreviations. Currently, there are # Default # Australia (historical usage) # India # You can create your own file in # share/timezonesets/. #extra_float_digits = 0 # min -15, max 3 #client_encoding = sql_ascii # actually, defaults to database # encoding # These settings are initialized by initdb, but they can be changed. lc_messages = 'ru_RU.UTF-8' # locale for system error message # strings lc_monetary = 'ru_RU.UTF-8' # locale for monetary formatting lc_numeric = 'ru_RU.UTF-8' # locale for number formatting lc_time = 'ru_RU.UTF-8' # locale for time formatting # default configuration for text search default_text_search_config = 'pg_catalog.russian' # - Other Defaults - #dynamic_library_path = '$libdir' #local_preload_libraries = '' #session_preload_libraries = '' #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # LOCK MANAGEMENT #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ #deadlock_timeout = 1s max_locks_per_transaction = 256 # min 10 # (change requires restart) #max_pred_locks_per_transaction = 64 # min 10 # (change requires restart) #max_pred_locks_per_relation = -2 # negative values mean # (max_pred_locks_per_transaction # / -max_pred_locks_per_relation) - 1 #max_pred_locks_per_page = 2 # min 0 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # VERSION/PLATFORM COMPATIBILITY #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # - Previous PostgreSQL Versions - #array_nulls = on #backslash_quote = safe_encoding # on, off, or safe_encoding #default_with_oids = off escape_string_warning = off #lo_compat_privileges = off #operator_precedence_warning = off #quote_all_identifiers = off standard_conforming_strings = off #synchronize_seqscans = on # - Other Platforms and Clients - #transform_null_equals = off #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # ERROR HANDLING #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ #exit_on_error = off # terminate session on any error? #restart_after_crash = on # reinitialize after backend crash? #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # CONFIG FILE INCLUDES #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # These options allow settings to be loaded from files other than the # default postgresql.conf. #include_dir = 'conf.d' # include files ending in '.conf' from # directory 'conf.d' #include_if_exists = 'exists.conf' # include file only if it exists #include = 'special.conf' # include file #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # CUSTOMIZED OPTIONS #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ online_analyze.threshold = 50 online_analyze.scale_factor = 0.1 online_analyze.enable = on online_analyze.verbose = off online_analyze.local_tracking = on online_analyze.min_interval = 10000 online_analyze.table_type = 'temporary' online_analyze.verbose='off' plantuner.fix_empty_table='on' 

1. Bloque 1 "_" - "Recepción de bienes y servicios"
   
   • Se abre el Directorio de contrapartes
   • Se crea un nuevo elemento del directorio "Contratistas" con una vista de "Proveedor"
   • Se crea un nuevo elemento del directorio "Contratos" con la vista "Con el proveedor" para una nueva contraparte
   • Se abre el directorio "Nomenclatura"
   • Se crea un conjunto de elementos del directorio "Nomenclatura" con el tipo "Producto"
   • Se crea un conjunto de elementos del directorio "Nomenclatura" con el tipo "Servicio"
   • Se abre la lista de documentos "Recibos de bienes y servicios".
   • Se crea un nuevo documento "Entrada de bienes y servicios" en el que las partes tabulares "Bienes" y "Servicios" se completan con los conjuntos de datos creados
   • El informe "Tarjeta de cuenta 41" se genera para el mes actual (si se indica el intervalo para la formación adicional)
   
   
2. Bloque 2 "_" - "Venta de bienes y servicios"
   
   
   • Se abre el Directorio de contrapartes
   • Se crea un nuevo elemento del directorio "Contrapartes" con la vista "Comprador"
   • Se crea un nuevo elemento del directorio "Contratos" con la vista "Con el comprador" para una nueva contraparte
   • Se abre una lista de documentos "Ventas de bienes y servicios".
   • Se crea un nuevo documento "Ventas de bienes y servicios" en el que las partes tabulares "Bienes" y "Servicios" se completan de acuerdo con los parámetros especificados a partir de datos creados previamente
   • El informe "Tarjeta de cuenta 41" se genera para el mes actual (si se indica el intervalo para la formación adicional)
3. Se genera el informe "Tarjeta de cuenta 41" para el mes actual

1. El informe "Tarjeta de cuenta 41" se genera desde el comienzo del año hasta el final del mes.
2. El informe "Balance de facturación" se genera desde el comienzo del año hasta el final del mes.
3. Se está llevando a cabo el procedimiento reglamentario "Cierre del mes".

1. Capacidad para deshabilitar / habilitar unidades individuales
2. Capacidad para especificar el número total de documentos para cada uno de los bloques.
3. Capacidad para especificar el número de documentos para cada bloque por día.
4. Capacidad para indicar la cantidad de bienes y servicios dentro de los documentos.
5. Capacidad para establecer listas de indicadores cuantitativos y de precios para el registro. Sirve para crear diferentes conjuntos de valores en documentos

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