إنشاء نظام تحقق رسمي من الصفر. الجزء 1: شخصية الجهاز الظاهري في PHP وبيثون

1. انفجار اندماجي ، لأن التحقق الرسمي يقع في النهاية على P = NP
2. من الصعب التحقق من معالجة المكالمات إلى نظام الملفات والشبكات ووحدات التخزين الخارجية الأخرى
3. الخلل في المواصفات ، عندما تصور العميل أو المبرمج شيئًا واحدًا ، لكنه لم يصفه بدقة في بيان العمل.

#      let contract = tx.sender let human= extract(getInteger(contract,"human")) let wolf= extract(getInteger(contract,"wolf")) let goat= extract(getInteger(contract,"goat")) let cabbage= extract(getInteger(contract,"cabbage")) #   -,      4 . #           . match tx { case t:DataTransaction => #       let newHuman= extract(getInteger(t.data,"human")) let newWolf= extract(getInteger(t.data,"wolf")) let newGoat= extract(getInteger(t.data,"goat")) let newCabbage= extract(getInteger(t.data,"cabbage")) #0 ,     ,  1    let humanSide= human == 0 || human == 1 let wolfSide= wolf == 0 || wolf == 1 let goatSide= goat == 0 || goat == 1 let cabbageSide= cabbage == 0 || cabbage == 1 let side= humanSide && wolfSide && goatSide && cabbageSide #    ,        . let safeAlone= newGoat != newWolf && newGoat != newCabbage let safe= safeAlone || newGoat == newHuman let humanTravel= human != newHuman #     ,  -   . let t1= humanTravel && newWolf == wolf + 1 && newGoat == goat && newCabbage == cabbage let t2= humanTravel && newWolf == wolf && newGoat == goat + 1 && newCabbage == cabbage let t3= humanTravel && newWolf == wolf && newGoat == goat && newCabbage == cabbage + 1 let t4= humanTravel && newWolf == wolf - 1 && newGoat == goat && newCabbage == cabbage let t5= humanTravel && newWolf == wolf && newGoat == goat - 1 && newCabbage == cabbage let t6= humanTravel && newWolf == wolf && newGoat == goat && newCabbage == cabbage - 1 let t7= humanTravel && newWolf == wolf && newGoat == goat && newCabbage == cabbage let objectTravel = t1 || t2 || t3 || t4 || t5 || t6 || t7 #        . #     1  0,    #  ,        #  -    side && safe && humanTravel && objectTravel case s:TransferTransaction => #             human == 1 && wolf == 1 && goat == 1 && cabbage == 1 #     case _ => false } 

 cabbage: extract ( getInteger ( contract , "cabbage" ) ) goat: extract ( getInteger ( contract , "goat" ) ) human: extract ( getInteger ( contract , "human" ) ) wolf: extract ( getInteger ( contract , "wolf" ) ) fState: human== 1 && wolf== 1 && goat== 1 && cabbage== 1 fState: wolf: goat: cabbage: cabbageSide: cabbage== 0 || cabbage== 1 human: extract ( getInteger ( contract , "human" ) ) newGoat: extract ( getInteger ( t.data , "goat" ) ) newHuman: extract ( getInteger ( t.data , "human" ) ) goatSide: goat== 0 || goat== 1 humanSide: human== 0 || human== 1 t7: humanTravel && newWolf== wolf && newGoat== goat && newCabbage== cabbage t3: humanTravel && newWolf== wolf && newGoat== goat && newCabbage== cabbage + 1 t6: humanTravel && newWolf== wolf && newGoat== goat && newCabbage== cabbage - 1 t2: humanTravel && newWolf== wolf && newGoat== goat + 1 && newCabbage== cabbage t5: humanTravel && newWolf== wolf && newGoat== goat - 1 && newCabbage== cabbage t1: humanTravel && newWolf== wolf + 1 && newGoat== goat && newCabbage== cabbage t4: humanTravel && newWolf== wolf - 1 && newGoat== goat && newCabbage== cabbage safeAlone: newGoat != newWolf && newGoat != newCabbage wolfSide: wolf== 0 || wolf== 1 humanTravel: human != newHuman side: humanSide && wolfSide && goatSide && cabbageSide safe: safeAlone || newGoat== newHuman objectTravel: t1 || t2 || t3 || t4 || t5 || t6 || t7 

 fState: And( And( And( human[Steps] == 1 , wolf[Steps] == 1 ) , goat[Steps] == 1 ) , cabbage[Steps] == 1 ) final: fState[Steps] fState: wolf: goat: cabbage: cabbageSide: Or( cabbage[i] == 0 , cabbage[i] == 1 ) goatSide: Or( goat[i] == 0 , goat[i] == 1 ) humanSide: Or( human[i] == 0 , human[i] == 1 ) t7: And( And( And( humanTravel[i] , wolf == wolf[i] ) , goat[i+1] == goat[i] ) , cabbage == cabbage[i] ) t3: And( And( And( humanTravel[i] , wolf == wolf[i] ) , goat[i+1] == goat[i] ) , cabbage == cabbage[i] + 1 ) t6: And( And( And( humanTravel[i] , wolf == wolf[i] ) , goat[i+1] == goat[i] ) , cabbage == cabbage[i] - 1 ) t2: And( And( And( humanTravel[i] , wolf == wolf[i] ) , goat[i+1] == goat[i] + 1 ) , cabbage == cabbage[i] ) t5: And( And( And( humanTravel[i] , wolf == wolf[i] ) , goat[i+1] == goat[i] - 1 ) , cabbage == cabbage[i] ) t1: And( And( And( humanTravel[i] , wolf == wolf[i] + 1 ) , goat[i+1] == goat[i] ) , cabbage == cabbage[i] ) t4: And( And( And( humanTravel[i] , wolf == wolf[i] - 1 ) , goat[i+1] == goat[i] ) , cabbage == cabbage[i] ) safeAlone: And( goat[i+1] != wolf , goat[i+1] != cabbage ) wolfSide: Or( wolf[i] == 0 , wolf[i] == 1 ) humanTravel: human[i] != human[i+1] side: And( And( And( humanSide[i] , wolfSide[i] ) , goatSide[i] ) , cabbageSide[i] ) safe: Or( safeAlone[i] , goat[i+1] == human[i+1] ) objectTravel: Or( Or( Or( Or( Or( Or( t1[i] , t2[i] ) , t3[i] ) , t4[i] ) , t5[i] ) , t6[i] ) , t7[i] ) data: And( And( And( side[i] , safe[i] ) , humanTravel[i] ) , objectTravel[i] ) 

 import json from z3 import * s = Solver() Steps=7 Num= Steps+1 $code$ #template, only start rest s.add(data + start) #template s.add(final) ind = 0 f = open("/var/www/html/all/bin/python/log.txt", "a") while s.check() == sat: ind = ind +1 print ind m = s.model() print m print "traversing model..." #for d in m.decls(): #print "%s = %s" % (d.name(), m[d]) f.write(str(m)) f.write("\n\n") exit() #s.add(Or(goat[0] != s.model()[data[0]] )) # prevent next model from using the same assignment as a previous model print "Total solution number: " print ind f.close() 

 import json from z3 import * s = Solver() Steps=7 Num= Steps+1 human = [ Int('human_%i' % (i + 1)) for i in range(Num) ] wolf = [ Int('wolf_%i' % (i + 1)) for i in range(Num) ] goat = [ Int('goat_%i' % (i + 1)) for i in range(Num) ] cabbage = [ Int('cabbage_%i' % (i + 1)) for i in range(Num) ] nothing= [ And( human[i] == human[i+1], wolf[i] == wolf[i+1], goat[i] == goat[i+1], cabbage[i] == cabbage[i+1] ) for i in range(Num-1) ] start= [ human[0] == 1, wolf[0] == 0, goat[0] == 1, cabbage[0] == 0 ] safeAlone= [ And( goat[i+1] != wolf[i+1] , goat[i+1] != cabbage[i+1] ) for i in range(Num-1) ] safe= [ Or( safeAlone[i] , goat[i+1] == human[i+1] ) for i in range(Num-1) ] humanTravel= [ human[i] != human[i+1] for i in range(Num-1) ] cabbageSide= [ Or( cabbage[i] == 0 , cabbage[i] == 1 ) for i in range(Num-1) ] goatSide= [ Or( goat[i] == 0 , goat[i] == 1 ) for i in range(Num-1) ] humanSide= [ Or( human[i] == 0 , human[i] == 1 ) for i in range(Num-1) ] t7= [ And( And( And( humanTravel[i] , wolf[i+1] == wolf[i] ) , goat[i+1] == goat[i] ) , cabbage[i+1] == cabbage[i] ) for i in range(Num-1) ] t3= [ And( And( And( humanTravel[i] , wolf[i+1] == wolf[i] ) , goat[i+1] == goat[i] ) , cabbage[i+1] == cabbage[i] + 1 ) for i in range(Num-1) ] t6= [ And( And( And( humanTravel[i] , wolf[i+1] == wolf[i] ) , goat[i+1] == goat[i] ) , cabbage[i+1] == cabbage[i] - 1 ) for i in range(Num-1) ] t2= [ And( And( And( humanTravel[i] , wolf[i+1] == wolf[i] ) , goat[i+1] == goat[i] + 1 ) , cabbage[i+1] == cabbage[i] ) for i in range(Num-1) ] t5= [ And( And( And( humanTravel[i] , wolf[i+1] == wolf[i] ) , goat[i+1] == goat[i] - 1 ) , cabbage[i+1] == cabbage[i] ) for i in range(Num-1) ] t1= [ And( And( And( humanTravel[i] , wolf[i+1] == wolf[i] + 1 ) , goat[i+1] == goat[i] ) , cabbage[i+1] == cabbage[i] ) for i in range(Num-1) ] t4= [ And( And( And( humanTravel[i] , wolf[i+1] == wolf[i] - 1 ) , goat[i+1] == goat[i] ) , cabbage[i+1] == cabbage[i] ) for i in range(Num-1) ] wolfSide= [ Or( wolf[i] == 0 , wolf[i] == 1 ) for i in range(Num-1) ] side= [ And( And( And( humanSide[i] , wolfSide[i] ) , goatSide[i] ) , cabbageSide[i] ) for i in range(Num-1) ] objectTravel= [ Or( Or( Or( Or( Or( Or( t1[i] , t2[i] ) , t3[i] ) , t4[i] ) , t5[i] ) , t6[i] ) , t7[i] ) for i in range(Num-1) ] data= [ Or( And( And( And( side[i] , safe[i] ) , humanTravel[i] ) , objectTravel[i] ) , nothing[i]) for i in range(Num-1) ] fState= And( And( And( human[Steps] == 1 , wolf[Steps] == 1 ) , goat[Steps] == 1 ) , cabbage[Steps] == 1 ) final= fState #template, only start rest s.add(data + start) #template s.add(final) ind = 0 f = open("/var/www/html/all/bin/python/log.txt", "a") while s.check() == sat: ind = ind +1 print ind m = s.model() print m print "traversing model..." #for d in m.decls(): #print "%s = %s" % (d.name(), m[d]) f.write(str(m)) f.write("\n\n") exit() #s.add(Or(goat[0] != s.model()[data[0]] )) # prevent next model from using the same assignment as a previous model print "Total solution number: " print ind f.close() 

 Winning transaction chain found: Data transaction: human= 0, wolf= 0, goat= 1, cabbage= 0 Data transaction: human= 1, wolf= 0, goat= 1, cabbage= 1 Data transaction: human= 0, wolf= 0, goat= 0, cabbage= 1 Data transaction: human= 1, wolf= 1, goat= 0, cabbage= 1 Data transaction: human= 0, wolf= 1, goat= 0, cabbage= 1 Data transaction: human= 1, wolf= 1, goat= 1, cabbage= 1 Data transaction: human= 1, wolf= 1, goat= 1, cabbage= 1 Transfer transaction 

 let contract = tx.sender let a= extract(getInteger(contract,"a")) let b= extract(getInteger(contract,"b")) let c= extract(getInteger(contract,"c")) let d= extract(getInteger(contract,"d")) match tx { case t:DataTransaction => let na= extract(getInteger(t.data,"a")) let nb= extract(getInteger(t.data,"b")) let nc= extract(getInteger(t.data,"c")) let nd= extract(getInteger(t.data,"d")) nd == 0 || a == 100 - 5 case s:TransferTransaction => ( a + b - c ) * d == 12 case _ => true }