История развития процессоров: конец 80-х — начало 2000-х

— XX XXI .

80- CISC (Complex instruction set computing). , . .

RISC

1980 Berkeley RISC, . RISC (restricted instruction set computer) — .



Berkeley RISC —

, . RISC . . , .

RISC I 1982 44 420 . 32 4 . RISC II 40 760 , 39 .



RISC II

MIPS: R2000, R3000, R4000 R4400

MIPS (Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages) . MIPS .

1984 , . MIPS IP- , . 1985 — 32- R2000, 1988 R3000. , - . SG- . R3000 Sony PlayStation.



R3000

1991 R4000. 64- , 100 . - 16 (8 - 8 -).

— R4400. 32 (16 - 16 -). 100 — 250 .

MIPS: R8000 R10000

1994 MIPS — R8000. - 16 . CPU ( 1.2 /) . 75 — 90 . 6 : , , - - ASIC.



R8000

1996 — R10000. 32 - . CPU 150 — 250 .

90- MIPS 32- 64- MIPS32 MIPS64.

SPARC

Sun Microsystems, SPARC (Scalable Processor ARChitecture). 80- SPARC V7. 14.28 — 40 .

1992 32- SPARC V8, microSPARC. 40 — 50 .

SPARC V9 Sun Microsystems Texas Instruments, Fujitsu, Philips . 64 9- . SPARC V9 - , ( 16 ), 512 — 1024 .



UltraSPARC III

StrongARM

1995 StrongARM, ARM V4. CPU 5- , - 16 .



StrongARM SA-110

1996 StrongARM — SA-110. 100 , 160 200 .

SA-1100, SA-1110 SA-1500.



SA-110 Apple MessagePad 2000

POWER, POWER2 PowerPC

1985 IBM RISC- America Project. POWER (Performance Optimization With Enhanced RISC) 5 . , 11 . 1992 , .



POWER

1991 IBM, Apple Motorola PowerPC ( PPC). POWER, 32- 64- . .

PowerPC 601 Macintosh.



PowerPC

1993 POWER2 . 55 71.5 , - 128-256 32 . ( 8) 23 , 0.72- CMOS-.

1998 IBM POWER3 64 , PowerPC.

2001 2010 POWER4 ( ), POWER5 POWER6, - POWER7.

Alpha 21064A

1992 Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) Alpha 21064 (EV4). 64- 100 — 200 . 0,75- , 128- . 16 - (8 8 ).

21164 (EV5), 1995 . - ( , — ). - 8 . - 96 . 266 500 .



DEC Alpha AXP 21064

1996 Alpha 21264 (EV6) 15,2 , 15,2- . 450 600 . / Ebox, — Fbox. . 64 . - 2 8 .

1999 DEC Compaq. , Alpha, API NetWorks, Inc.

Intel P5 P54C

P5. 1993 CPU Pentium.

P5 800- BiCMOS-. 3,1 . Pentium 64- , . . - 16 , 2 (8 8 ). 60 — 66 .



Intel Pentium

Intel P54C. 0,6- . 75 , 1994 — 90 100 . P54C (P54CS) 350- 200 .

1997 P5 — P55C (Pentium MMX). MMX (MultiMedia eXtension). 4,5 280- CMOS-. - 32 (16 16 ). 233 .

AMD K5 K6

1995 AMD K5. RISC-, CISC-. 350- 500- , 4,3 . K5 . - 16 , — 8 . 75 133 .



AMD K5

K5 SSA/5 5k86. 75 100 . 5k86 90 133 .

1997 K6, K5. 350- , 8,8 , , MMX . 162 ². - 64 (32 32 ). 166 , 200 233 . 66 .

1998 AMD K6-2, 9,3 250- . 550 .



AMD K6

1999 — K6-III. K6-2, - 256 . 64 .

AMD K7

1999 6 7. 250- 22 . CPU (ALU). EV6 , 100 200 . - 128 (64 64 ). 512 .



AMD K7

, Orion. 180- .

Thunderbird . - 2- . 384 (128 256 ). — 133 .

Intel P6

P6 P5 1995 . . , .

1995 Pentium Pro. 150 — 200 , 16 - 1 .



Intel Pentium Pro

1999 Pentium III. P6 Katmai, Deschutes. SSE, . Katmai 600 .

2000 Pentium 4 Willamette. 400 ( — 100 ). - 8 , - — 256 .

Northwood (2002 ). 55 130- - . 400 , 533 800 .



Intel Pentium 4

2004 — 90 . Pentium 4 Prescott. 16 , 1 . 2,4 — 3,8 , — 533 800 .

, Pentium 4 Cedar Mill. — 65 . : 631 (3 ), 641 (3,2 ), 651 (3,4 ), 661 (3,6 ).

Athlon 64 Athlon 64 X2

2003 AMD 64- K8, 130- . HyperTransport. 200 . AMD Athlon 64. , MMX, 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2 SSE3.



Athlon 64

2005 AMD Athlon 64 X2. . , . , HyperTransport .



Athlon 64 X2

2005 2006 AMD : 90- Manchester, Toledo Windsor, 65- Brisbane. - .

Intel Core

Pentium M , NetBurst. Core, 2006 . Intel Core 2 Extreme QX6700 2.67 8 - .

Intel Yonah. 65 , Banias/Dothan Pentium M, LaGrande. . Core 128- SSE, SSE2 SSE3. , .



Intel Core 2 Extreme QX6700

2007 45- Penryn Hi-k . Intel Core 2 Duo. SSE4, - 2- 4 6 .



AMD Phenom II X6

2008 — Nehalem. , 2 3 DDR3 SDRAM 4 FB-DIMM. FSB, QPI. - 2- 256 .



Intel Core i7

Intel Nehalem 32- . Westmere.
Clarkdale, , 45- .

AMD K10

AMD Intel. 2007 x86 — K10. . 1- 2- K10 L3 2 . 1- 64 , - 2- — 512 . DDR3. K10 64- . 128- . , HyperTransport 3.0.

2007 K10 Phenom AMD, . K10 65- 45- . (10,5) DDR2 DDR3.



AMD Phenom

2011 Bulldozer. - 1- . - 3- 8 , HyperTransport 3.1, Turbo Core AVX, SSE 4.1, SSE 4.2, AES. Bulldozer DDR3 1866 .



AMD Bulldozer

2013 — Piledriver. Bulldozer. , , .

, , , . CPU , , .