Hola giktayms , , , , , . – -. , : - , . - (, , , ), (, , ). -, : SD- microSD- , . , (HDD), (SSD) – 90- ( , 2000- , SSD , 2012 .

SSD -. «» , - , . 20 American Bosch Arma -
Atlas E/F. , , , Atlas . , , , –
PROM (programmable read only memory).

PROM : , () . , () , , .

, . . , EPROM – .
- Intel. ,
EPROM. , – . EPROM BIOS IT-, ,
ZX Spectrum, Magic.
Intel , 1978 Intel 2816, EPROM, «2816-» .
EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-only Memory). : - , EEPROM ( , «»).

EEPROM: , , , .

Toshiba. – flash-memory. 1984 , 1988 Intel NOR-flash, 1989 Toshiba NAND-.

,
Single-Level-Cell (SLC). SLC , 2 –
Multi-Level-Cell. MLC- , , .
eMLC- (Enterprise Class MLC), MLC- , . / eMLC SLC, . ,
.
-. , NAND. FSP (Flash Storage Processor). FSP : , «». , 2-3 (, , SSD). , SSD- -. : . , SSD’ 128-256 , .
-, SSD – . : «», . , , -.
SD-
1999 , SanDisk, Toshiba Matsushita ( Panasonic) , SD, Secure Digital. Secure () – DRM , , . , SD Association, , , Intel, Kingston, Apple, AMD, Canon, Nikon, Samsung, Hewlett-Packard . SD- 2 , 4 , .

, , , . 2006 SD-, SDHC (Secure Digital High Capacity, SD- ); 32. – , « » -. , , , . SD- 3.01, SDXC – Secure Digital eXtended Capacity. , 2 , .
microSD:

2000- . , ( GPS- ) microSD-. , 4 , SD-, . SD- microSDHC- microSDXC-, .

: Compact Flash (1994, – 90 /), Memory Stick (1998, 128 ), Memory Stick Pro ( 2003, 4 , Memory Stick Duo (2003, MS), Memory Stick Pro Duo (2006, 32 ), Memory Stick HG-Duo (2008, MS Duo-).
– . , . .
Kingston !
Kingston HyperX
. HyperX
.
: