, , . .
MDA CGA
IBM 1981 . MDA . , . CGA . IBM PC .
MDA (Monochrome Display Adapter) , . MDA (80 25 ), . Motorola Motorola 6845, 4 . 9x14 , 7x11, . , , , , . . (, , ).
720x350 (80x25 ). MDA , 256 .
CGA (Color Graphics Adapter) — «» . MDA, CGA , -, . Motorola MC6845, 16 .
40×25 320×200 , 80×25 — 640×200 . CGA . 4 , 16 . 256 . .
CGA:
. , :
1) , -, ( );
2) , , / ( ).
, 640×200 — .
EGA
EGA . IBM 1984 IBM PC/AT. — , . EGA , . 16 64 640x350 .
64 ( 256 ). ISA. . BIOS 16 .
EGA — IBM, . . :
— 80x25 640x350 ;
— 40x25 320x200 .
80x43 640x350 . 80×25 8×8 BIOS. — 60 , 21,8 350 15,7 200 .
MCGA
1987 MCGA (MultiColor Graphics Adapter), IBM PS/2. .
64 , EGA. — 262 144 64 . 256.
256- MCGA 320x200 , 70 . , . CGA, 640x480 60 .
MCGA 4- CGA. , . DB-15 D-Sub.
VGA
IBM VGA (Video Graphics Array). VGA , .
VGA :
— , ;
— 256 DRAM ( 64 );
— , , ;
— , ;
— , ;
— , .
. VGA :
— 640x480 ( 2 16 );
— 640x350 ( 16 );
— 640×200 ( 2 16 );
— 320x200 ( 4, 16 256 ).
VGA, , «X-» 256 320×200, 320×240 360×480. ( 2 ). 256- . .
VGA . 8x16 . .
IBM 8514/A
VGA 1987 «» IBM 8514/A, c 512 ( ) 1 ( ) . .
1 IBM 8514/A, 256 1024×768 . 512 , 16 . 640×480 256 .
«Adapter Interface» AI.
8514/A , , BitBLT.
IBM 8514/A . ISA. ATI — Mach 8 Mach 32.
XGA
1990 IBM 32- XGA (eXtended Graphics Array) Display Adapter.
XGA VRAM 512 . 640x480 16- , 256- 1024x768 .
1992 — XGA-2. . 1 , VRAM. 13601024 -16 . XGA-2 .
SVGA
1989 Super VGA (Super Video Graphics Array) , VGA, . SVGA 800×600 16 . , , SVGA . SVGA VESA (Video Electronic Standards Association). VESA . : 800×600, 1024×768, 1280×1024, 1600×1200.
SVGA .
S3 ViRGE
S3 Virtual Reality Graphics Engine (ViRGE) «» 2D/3D . 1995 — .
S3 ViRGE 64- 2D/3D — . . 4 , - 170 . 66 . PCI. Direct3D, BRender, RenderWare, OpenGL API S3D.
, S3 ViRGE 2D (, Windows). .
ATI Rage II
1996 ATI Technologies ATI Rage 2D, 3D . ATI Rage II. Mach64 GUI, 3D MPEG-2. 2 , 4 8 . SGRAM 83 , 60 .
Microsoft Direct3D Reality Lab, QuickDraw 3D Rave, Criterion RenderWare, Argonaut BRender. Rage II Macintosh iMac G3 (Rage II+).
Rage II IIC, II+ II+DVD, . Rage II+DVD 60 , 83 SGRAM, 480 /.
RIVA 128
RIVA 128 (Real-time Interactive Video and Animation accelerator) 1997 Nvidia. , . 2D-, 3D-.
RIVA 128 Direct3D 5 OpenGL API. , 350- , 3,5 . 100 . SGRAM 4 . 128 1.6 /. RIVA 128 PCI, AGP 1x.
Voodoo
3Dfx. Voodoo Graphics, 1996 . . ICE Home Run Derby. , .
Voodoo Graphics 50 , DirectX 3, PCI. EDO 4 . 64-. , 2D- . VGA Voodoo. () .
1997 — Voodoo Rush, Voodoo Graphics . AT25/AT3D Alliance Semiconductor. 2D- Macronix. Voodoo Rush , , . Voodoo Rush CRTC , . Voodoo Rush PCI.
1998 Voodoo2 Voodoo Graphics, . , . . 90-100 , EDO DRAM 8 12 . 1024768 12 800600 8 16 . SLI (Scan-Line Interleave), Voodoo2. .
1999 — Voodoo3, 2D 3D-. 143 , 16 SGRAM. 16- . 3D 1600x1200 . PCI AGP 2x.
Matrox G200
1998 Matrox 3D- — G200. . SRA (Symmetric Rendering Architecture), . . G200 VCQ (Vibrant Color Quality), 32- . , 32- , ( 16-) . .
G200 SGRAM 8 16 , SDRAM RAMDAC. , DIME (Direct Memory Execute).
G200 128- . DualBus. 64- . , 3D — 1280x1024 32- .
Intel i740
1998 Intel Intel i740. , Pentium II.
350- , 66 , — 64 . SDRAM SGRAM 16 . AGP PCI. . 12801024 16- 16001200 8-.
RIVA TNT TNT2
RIVA TNT (Real-time Interactive Video and Animation accelerator TwiN Texel, NV4) — NVIDIA, 1998 . 7 , 90 . SDRAM 16 , 128- . 32 1024x1024 .
RIVA TNT Twin-Texel ( ) . .
1999 TNT2 ( NV5). , AGP 4X, 32MB VRAM. 0,35 0,25 , 150 . RAMDAC 300 . . 32- 3D, 2048×2048 AGP 4x. TNT2.
ATI Rage 128
1999 Rage 128, 350- . 103 , RAMDAC — 250 . 32 , 128- . 32- .
DVD-. Rage 128 Twin Cache Architecture, - . (SSR — Super Scalar Rendering), .
S3 Savage
3D- S3 Graphics, 1998 Savage 3D. , S3TC, MPEG-2 -. Savage 3D AGP 2x. 8 , 64- . 125 . 2D 1600x1200 85 .
1999 3D- Savage4, 250- . 125 . 32 . (64-).
Savage4 AGP 4x. . S3TC, Savage4 . DVD-.
GeForce 256
1999 NVIDIA GeForce 256 ( NV10), . 3D-, . 120 32 SDRAM. 3D 120 . 128-, — 166 . 2048x1536 75 .
GeForce 256 : (T&L), (ube environment mapping), (projective textures) .