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Como criar modelos 3D usando Python

Olá Habr! Uma vez eu precisei criar um modelo 3D da parte inferior, mais neste artigo . Hoje eu quero falar sobre como você pode criar modelos 3D do Python 3. Existem várias maneiras de fazer isso: blender python api, Vpython ... Mas eu quero dizer como criar modelos usando apenas o Python.



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STL


Para fazer isso, você precisa entender como o formato stl (um popular formato de arquivo 3D) funciona.
O modelo inteiro neste formato consiste em muitos triângulos, portanto o arquivo consiste em coordenadas tridimensionais de seus vértices.

Arquivo STL
sólido
faceta normal 0 0 0
laço externo
vértice 0 0 0
vértice 1 0 0
vértice 1 1 0
endloop
endfacet
faceta normal 0 0 0
laço externo
vértice 1 1 0
vértice 0 0 0
vértice 0 1 0
endloop
endfacet
fim sólido

Exemplo


Gostaria de mostrar como implementar a criação de um modelo 3D pelo brilho dos pixels em uma fotografia. Tirei esta foto abaixo.



A imagem é processada (ligeiramente desfocada para que não haja saltos acentuados no brilho) usando a biblioteca opencv.

import cv2 import numpy as np cd_1=['0', '0', '0']#      1  cd_2=['0', '0', '0']#      2  cd_3=['0', '0', '0']#      3  file_stl='new.stl' file_im=r'C:\Users\allex\Pictures\2.jpg'#    op_stl=open(file_stl, 'w') op_im=cv2.imread(file_im) gray = cv2.cvtColor(op_im, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)#    blur = cv2.GaussianBlur(gray,(0,0),1)#      res=cv2.resize(blur,(320,240))#     320*240

Abaixo está uma função que pega 3 matrizes com as coordenadas dos vértices de um triângulo e grava 1 face triangular no arquivo.

 def face_file_stl(cd_1, cd_2, cd_3): op_stl.write("facet normal 0 0 0") op_stl.write("outer loop") op_stl.write("vertex " + " ".join(cd_1))#    1  op_stl.write("vertex " + " ".join(cd_2))#    2  op_stl.write("vertex " + " ".join(cd_3))#    3  op_stl.write("endloop \n\tendfacet")

Agora, o mais importante é criar as coordenadas corretas dos vértices dos triângulos que compõem o modelo 3D.


O pedaço de código que cria as coordenadas.

 for i in range(size.shape[1]):#    for k in range(size.shape[0]-1):#    if i!=size.shape[1]-1: try: #making the first triangls for relief cd_1=[str(i), str(k), str(blur[k, i]) ] cd_2=[str(i + 1), str(k), str(blur[k, i+1]) ] cd_3=[str(i+1), str(k+1), str(blur[k+1,i+1])] except: print('er') face_file_stl(cd_1, cd_2, cd_3) try: #making the second triangls for relief cd_1=[str(i), str(k), str(blur[k, i]) ] cd_2=[str(i+1), str(k+1), str(blur[k+1, i+1])] cd_3=[str(i), str(k+1), str(blur[k+1,i]) ] except: print('er') face_file_stl(cd_1, cd_2, cd_3)

Modelo 3D criado
Na verdade, era tudo o que eu queria escrever antes do próximo artigo.

Código inteiro
 import cv2 cd_1=['0', '0', '0']#      1  cd_2=['0', '0', '0']#      2  cd_3=['0', '0', '0']#      3  file_stl='new.stl' file_im=r'C:\Users\allex\Pictures\22.jpg'#    op_stl=open(file_stl, 'w') op_im=cv2.imread(file_im) gray = cv2.cvtColor(op_im, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)#    blur = cv2.GaussianBlur(gray,(0,0),1)#      blur=cv2.resize(blur,(320,240)) x=0 y=0 file='STL_project-1.stl' o_1="\n\t" o_2="\n\t\t" o_3="\n\t\t\t" op_stl.write("solid") def face_file_stl(cd_1, cd_2, cd_3): op_stl.write(o_1+"facet normal 0 0 0") op_stl.write(o_2 + "outer loop") op_stl.write(o_3 + "vertex " + " ".join(cd_1))#    1  op_stl.write(o_3 + "vertex " + " ".join(cd_2))#    2  op_stl.write(o_3 + "vertex " + " ".join(cd_3))#    3  op_stl.write(o_2 + "endloop \n\tendfacet") #making the first triangls for base for i in range(blur.shape[1]-1): cd_1=[str(i),"0","0"] cd_3=[str(i+1),str(blur.shape[0]-1),"0"] cd_2=[str(i),str(blur.shape[0]-1),"0"] face_file_stl(cd_1, cd_2, cd_3) #making the second triangls for base for i in range(blur.shape[1]-1): cd_1=[str(i+1),str(blur.shape[0]-1),"0"] cd_3=[str(i),"0","0"] cd_2=[str(i+1),"0","0"] face_file_stl(cd_1, cd_2, cd_3) #base has done for i in range(blur.shape[1]): if i%30==0: print(i) for k in range(blur.shape[0]-1):#making the first triangls for relief if i!=blur.shape[1]-1: try: cd_1=[str(i), str(k), str(blur[k, i]) ] cd_2=[str(i + 1), str(k), str(blur[k, i+1]) ] cd_3=[str(i+1), str(k+1), str(blur[k+1,i+1])] except: print('er') face_file_stl(cd_1, cd_2, cd_3) #for j in range(blur.shape[1]-1):#making the second triangls for relief try: cd_1=[str(i), str(k), str(blur[k, i]) ] cd_2=[str(i+1),str(k+1), str(blur[k+1, i+1])] cd_3=[str(i), str(k+1), str(blur[k+1,i]) ] except: print('er') face_file_stl(cd_1, cd_2, cd_3) #relief has done #making the first triangls for right side for i in range(blur.shape[1]): if i!=blur.shape[1]-1: try: cd_1=[str(i),str(blur.shape[0]-1),"0"] cd_3=[str(i+1),str(blur.shape[0]-1),str(blur[blur.shape[0]-1, i+1])] cd_2=[str(i),str(blur.shape[0]-1),str(blur[blur.shape[0]-1, i])] except: print("er") face_file_stl(cd_1, cd_2, cd_3) #making the second triangls for right side try: cd_1=[str(i),str(blur.shape[0]-1),"0"] cd_3=[str(i+1),str(blur.shape[0]-1),"0"] cd_2=[str(i+1),str(blur.shape[0]-1),str(blur[blur.shape[0]-1, i+1])] except: print("er") face_file_stl(cd_1, cd_2, cd_3) if i!=blur.shape[1]-1: try: cd_1=[str(i),'0',"0"] cd_2=[str(i+1),'0',str(blur[0, i+1])] cd_3=[str(i),'0',str(blur[0, i])] except: print("er") face_file_stl(cd_1, cd_2, cd_3) #making the second triangls for right side try: cd_1=[str(i),'0',"0"] cd_2=[str(i+1),'0',"0"] cd_3=[str(i+1),'0',str(blur[0, i+1])] except: print("er") face_file_stl(cd_1, cd_2, cd_3) for i in range(blur.shape[0]): if i!=blur.shape[0]-1: try: cd_1=['0',str(i),"0"] cd_3=['0',str(i+1),str(blur[ i+1,0])] cd_2=['0',str(i),str(blur[i,0])] except: print("er") face_file_stl(cd_1, cd_2, cd_3) #making the second triangls for right side try: cd_1=['0',str(i),"0"] cd_3=['0',str(i+1),"0"] cd_2=['0',str(i+1),str(blur[i+1,0])] except: print("er") face_file_stl(cd_1, cd_2, cd_3) try: cd_2=[str(blur.shape[1]-1),str(i),"0"] cd_3=[str(blur.shape[1]-1),str(i+1),str(blur[ i+1,blur.shape[1]-1])] cd_1=[str(blur.shape[1]-1),str(i),str(blur[i,blur.shape[1]-1])] except: print("er") face_file_stl(cd_1, cd_2, cd_3) #making the second triangls for right side try: cd_2=[str(blur.shape[1]-1),str(i),"0"] cd_3=[str(blur.shape[1]-1),str(i+1),"0"] cd_1=[str(blur.shape[1]-1),str(i+1),str(blur[i+1,blur.shape[1]-1])] except: print("er") face_file_stl(cd_1, cd_2, cd_3) op_stl.write("\nendsolid" ) op_stl.close() print('end')

Source: https://habr.com/ru/post/pt411899/

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