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我如何在2018年俄罗斯AI Cup CodeBall上教神经网络实现位置评估功能

有机会在某个时间点定性评估游戏中的情况，并且有能力在为其中一种解决方案创建机器人时模拟游戏世界，而它仍然只是努力采取行动以在不久的将来改善这种评估。

位置估算功能-返回材料值，数值越小表示效果越差。 在输入此函数时，我仅提交了球的位置和速度矢量。 最初，此函数是用相当简单的公式和几个ifs实现的。 但是，这为欺骗本地运行日志集提供了良好的基础，以用于神经网络的后续训练。 因此，我在本地滚动了300款游戏（每个游戏有18,000个滴答），总共产生了约12GB的日志，另外从服务器上下载了145个顶级游戏日志（5.7GB）。

接下来，有必要从这些日志中分离出训练和测试样本。 我这样做是这样的：从进球开始，我对“过去”进行了300刻（5秒）的观察，并以5刻为增量对球的每个位置和速度+以参考得分为例。

要点：这里的参考分数（输出）是通过公式计算的

$$显示$$ O = S / exp（T / 60）$$显示$$

如果球飞入“我的”球门，则S = -1，否则为1； T是球门前剩余的滴答时间。

另一个不太重要但也很重要的一点：游戏场是对称的，因此，从对手的角度来看，参考分数也应成反对称。 即 如果从“我”的角度来看某事被评估为X，那么从对手的角度来看同一位置应被评估为-X。 这意味着，如果您通过任何参数将神经网络的整个输入空间``对折''，相对而言，该网络将学习得更好，相对而言是``2倍''，最重要的是，它将提供一个有保证的对称答案（至少是漂亮的）。 我将球的速度沿Z轴“折叠”。简单地说，如果球从“我的”球门飞过，那么我就是从我自己的角度看的，否则就是从对手的角度看。 事实证明，对于神经网络，球始终沿Z轴正向飞行。对于纵向对称（沿X轴）也可以这样做，尽管在这种情况下，我们继续从同一个团队的角度看，但实际上是在位于具有法线（1、0、0）的平面。

因此，以下是用于从Python日志中准备测试和培训样本的代码：

import json from pprint import pprint import glob import numpy as np import random xtrain = [] ytrain = [] xtest = [] ytest = [] f1 = r"F:\Home\Projects\MailRuAI\Codeball2018\LocalRunner\logs_archive\logs_01/*.txt" f2 = r"F:\Home\Projects\MailRuAI\Codeball2018\LocalRunner\logs_archive\logs_02/*.txt" f3 = r"F:\Home\Projects\MailRuAI\Codeball2018\LocalRunner\logs_archive\logs_03/*.txt" f7 = r"F:\Home\Projects\MailRuAI\Codeball2018\downloaded_games/*.txt" for file in (glob.glob(f1) + glob.glob(f2) + glob.glob(f3) + glob.glob(f7)): with open(file) as f: content = f.readlines() print(len(content)) print(file) sumofscores = 0 lastscore0 = 0 lastscore1 = 0 ticksbackward = 300 ticksbackwardinc = 5 for x in range(0, len(content)): data = json.loads(content[x]) if "scores" in data and sum(data["scores"]) > sumofscores: sumofscores = sum(data["scores"]) value = 0 if data["scores"][0] > lastscore0: lastscore0 = data["scores"][0] value = 1 if data["scores"][1] > lastscore1: lastscore1 = data["scores"][1] value = -1 for y in range(ticksbackwardinc, ticksbackward, ticksbackwardinc): dataY = json.loads(content[x - y]) if "scores" in dataY and sum(dataY["scores"]) == sumofscores - 1: sign = 1 if dataY['ball']['velocity']['z'] < 0: sign = -1 signX = 1 if dataY['ball']['velocity']['x'] * sign < 0: signX = -1 inputs = np.zeros(6) inputs[0] = dataY['ball']['velocity']['x'] * sign * signX inputs[1] = dataY['ball']['velocity']['y'] inputs[2] = dataY['ball']['velocity']['z'] * sign inputs[3] = dataY['ball']['position']['x'] * sign * signX inputs[4] = dataY['ball']['position']['y'] inputs[5] = dataY['ball']['position']['z'] * sign outputs = np.zeros(2) outputs[0] = value*sign outputs[1] = y if (random.random() > 0.2): xtrain.append(inputs) ytrain.append(outputs) else: xtest.append(inputs) ytest.append(outputs) else: print("exceeded") print(len(xtrain)) print(len(xtest)) np.save("F:/Home/Projects/MailRuAI/Codeball2018/nnet/xtrain_BR.npy", np.asarray(xtrain)) np.save("F:/Home/Projects/MailRuAI/Codeball2018/nnet/ytrain_BR.npy", np.asarray(ytrain)) np.save("F:/Home/Projects/MailRuAI/Codeball2018/nnet/xtest_BR.npy", np.asarray(xtest)) np.save("F:/Home/Projects/MailRuAI/Codeball2018/nnet/ytest_BR.npy", np.asarray(ytest))

最细心的人可能已经注意到，输出包含两个输出，而根本不像我上面描述的那样，但是请不要担心，这是一个雏形，在培训之前进行转换：

 import numpy as np from keras.datasets import boston_housing from keras.models import Model, Sequential from keras.layers import Input, Dense, Concatenate, Add import random import datetime np.set_printoptions(edgeitems=50) xtrain = np.load("F:/Home/Projects/MailRuAI/Codeball2018/nnet/xtrain_BR.npy") ytrain = np.load("F:/Home/Projects/MailRuAI/Codeball2018/nnet/ytrain_BR.npy") xtest = np.load("F:/Home/Projects/MailRuAI/Codeball2018/nnet/xtest_BR.npy") ytest = np.load("F:/Home/Projects/MailRuAI/Codeball2018/nnet/ytest_BR.npy") ytrain = np.exp(-(ytrain[:,1])/60) * ytrain[:,0] ytest = np.exp(-(ytest[:,1])/60) * ytest[:,0] inp = Input(shape=(xtrain.shape[1],)) d1 = Dense(6, activation='relu')(inp) d2 = Dense(6, activation='linear')(inp) d3 = Dense(6, activation='sigmoid')(inp) added = Concatenate()([d1, d2, d3]) d21 = Dense(3, activation='relu')(added) d22 = Dense(3, activation='linear')(added) d23 = Dense(3, activation='sigmoid')(added) added2 = Concatenate()([d21, d22, d23]) d31 = Dense(3, activation='relu')(added2) d32 = Dense(3, activation='linear')(added2) d33 = Dense(3, activation='sigmoid')(added2) added3 = Concatenate()([d31, d32, d33]) out = Dense(1)(added3) model = Model(inputs=inp, outputs=out) model.compile(optimizer='adam', loss='mse', metrics=['mae']) #model.load_weights("F:/Home/Projects/MailRuAI/Codeball2018/nnet/WEXP_B36F.dat") for x in range(0, 10): lostTR, maeTR = model.evaluate(xtrain, ytrain, verbose=0) print("Train mae: " + repr(lostTR) + ", " + repr(maeTR)) lostTS, maeTS = model.evaluate(xtest, ytest, verbose=0) print("Test mae: " + repr(lostTS) + ", " + repr(maeTS)) while True: model.fit(xtrain, ytrain, epochs=1, batch_size=1, verbose=2) print("Aim: " + repr(lostTS)) lostTR2, maeTR2 = model.evaluate(xtrain, ytrain, verbose=0) print("Train mae: " + repr(lostTR2) + ", " + repr(maeTR2)) lostTS2, maeTS2 = model.evaluate(xtest, ytest, verbose=0) print("Test mae: " + repr(lostTS2) + ", " + repr(maeTS2)) print("Improve number: " + repr(x)) print(datetime.datetime.now()) if lostTS > lostTS2: print ("imporoved") model.save_weights("F:/Home/Projects/MailRuAI/Codeball2018/nnet/WEXP_B36F.dat") break

为什么不问恰好3个内层和只是这样的配置呢？我不认识我自己。 然而，直觉和实验的日子正是导致了这一点。

最后，最后一个问题是，如何在没有任何现成的类的情况下使用已经在Python中用C＃训练的神经网络？ 创建课程！ 有了神经网络的这种简单配置，并考虑到我们只需要实现“预测”功能（即，只需从输入扫描到输出），它就非常简单。 这是：

 public enum Activation { relu, linear, sigmoid }; public class layer { public int Count = 0; public List<List<double>> weights = new List<List<double>>(); public List<double> Ps = new List<double>(); public List<Activation> funcs = new List<Activation>(); public List<double> Values = new List<double>(); public void Add(Activation aact) { Count++; weights.Add(new List<double>()); Ps.Add(0); funcs.Add(aact); Values.Add(0); } public void Add(Activation aact, int acnt) { for (int i = 0; i < acnt; i++) Add(aact); } public void Calculate(List<double> ainps) { for (int i = 0; i < Count; i++) { Values[i] = Ps[i]; for (int j = 0; j < ainps.Count; j++) Values[i] += weights[i][j] * ainps[j]; switch (funcs[i]) { case Activation.linear: break; case Activation.relu: Values[i] = System.Math.Max(0, Values[i]); break; case Activation.sigmoid: Values[i] = (double)(1.0 / (1.0 + System.Math.Exp(-Values[i]))); break; } } } } public class nnet { public int inputCount = 0; public List<layer> layers = new List<layer>(); public layer outputLayer = null; public nnet(int ainputcount, int aoutputcount) { inputCount = ainputcount; outputLayer = new layer(); outputLayer.Add(Activation.linear, aoutputcount); } public List<double> predict(List<double> ainput) { for (int i = 0; i < layers.Count + 1; i++) { List<double> inps = ainput; if (i > 0) inps = layers[i - 1].Values; layer lr = outputLayer; if (i < layers.Count) lr = layers[i]; lr.Calculate(inps); } return outputLayer.Values; } }

仍然只是从训练有素的网络上加紧权重（顺便说一句，我在这里引用的权重在我的最新版本中确实有效）：

  public class trained_nnet : nnet { void FillLayer(layer al, double[] atp, double[,] atw) { al.Ps.Clear(); al.Ps.AddRange(atp); al.weights.Clear(); for (int i = 0; i < atw.GetLength(0); i++) { al.weights.Add(new List<double>()); for (int j = 0; j < atw.GetLength(1); j++) { al.weights[i].Add(atw[i, j]); } } } public trained_nnet() : base(6, 1) { layer lr1 = new layer(); lr1.Add(Activation.relu, 6); lr1.Add(Activation.linear, 6); lr1.Add(Activation.sigmoid, 6); base.layers.Add(lr1); layer lr2 = new layer(); lr2.Add(Activation.relu, 3); lr2.Add(Activation.linear, 3); lr2.Add(Activation.sigmoid, 3); base.layers.Add(lr2); layer lr3 = new layer(); lr3.Add(Activation.relu, 3); lr3.Add(Activation.linear, 3); lr3.Add(Activation.sigmoid, 3); base.layers.Add(lr3); double[] t = { 3.6843767166137695, -9.454026222229004, -5.089229106903076, -2.850287437438965, -6.96286153793335, -9.751116752624512, 10.384811401367188, -4.214056968688965, 1.2072025537490845, 1.4019242525100708, -0.13174889981746674, -13.1264066696167, -4.265004634857178, 1.8926845788955688, -0.0813497006893158, -1.4616785049438477, -5.361510753631592, -1.1896661520004272 }; double[,] t2 = { { 0.1477939784526825, 0.03613739833235741, -0.09796690940856934, 1.942456841468811, -0.3508949875831604, -0.5551134347915649 }, { -0.25495094060897827, 0.049018844962120056, -0.15976546704769135, -1.881699562072754, -1.3928385972976685, 0.017490295693278313 }, { 0.314727246761322, -0.7985705733299255, -0.16902890801429749, 0.7290273308753967, -3.3613057136535645, -0.501738965511322 }, { -0.14706645905971527, 0.013889106921851635, -8.41325855255127, 0.08269797265529633, -0.8194255232810974, 0.054869525134563446 }, { -0.11769858002662659, 0.024719441309571266, -32.9736213684082, -0.06565750390291214, -0.38925793766975403, -0.30816638469696045 }, { -0.09536012262105942, -0.4411015212535858, -0.3092011511325836, 0.061532989144325256, -1.3718899488449097, -0.9904148578643799 }, { 0.03862301632761955, -0.2239271104335785, -0.3054073452949524, 0.013336590491235256, -0.0404842384159565, -0.09027290344238281 }, { -0.317527711391449, -0.14433158934116364, 0.06079907342791557, -0.4572157561779022, 0.2782846987247467, 0.17747753858566284 }, { 0.01980031281709671, 0.015361669473350048, -0.03606397658586502, 0.013219496235251427, -0.03483833745121956, -0.01729537360370159 }, { -0.003958317916840315, 0.09587077051401138, -0.08213665336370468, -0.027169639244675636, 0.032037656754255295, -0.030492693185806274 }, { -0.04885690286755562, -0.06349656730890274, 0.013905149884521961, 0.018028201535344124, 0.012719585560262203, 0.002531017642468214 }, { 0.016520477831363678, -0.00018591046682558954, -0.003657651599496603, 0.06888063997030258, -0.2127065807580948, 0.6427022218704224 }, { -0.5308891534805298, 0.13539844751358032, 0.03864796832203865, 1.5582681894302368, -1.929693341255188, -3.2511842250823975 }, { 0.032178860157728195, 1.1472656726837158, -2.020042896270752, -0.05141841620206833, -0.4635908901691437, 0.2636871039867401 }, { 0.01480827759951353, 0.33971744775772095, -0.15343432128429413, 0.03558071702718735, 3.364596366882324, -0.7852638959884644 }, { 0.0028303645085543394, 1.2297841310501099, -0.4412313997745514, 0.3644706606864929, 2.2155861854553223, -0.43303439021110535 }, { -0.3666411340236664, 0.0464097335934639, 5.143652439117432, -2.2230076789855957, 0.3511424660682678, 1.0514445304870605 }, { 0.014482858590781689, -0.4740144610404968, -1.6240901947021484, 1.7327706813812256, -1.5116417407989502, -1.6811648607254028 } }; double[] t3 = { -3.09689998626709, -1.2031112909317017, -7.121585369110107, 2.0653932094573975, -2.8601508140563965, -1.6219528913497925, 0.16301754117012024, -6.890131950378418, 3.8225107192993164 }; double[,] t4 = { { -0.6246452927589417, -0.3575346767902374, 0.6897052526473999, -2.2513232231140137, -0.23217444121837616, 0.17847181856632233, -0.3863859176635742, -0.01201619766652584, 0.050539981573820114, 0.028343766927719116, 0.0034856200218200684, 0.5547005534172058, -0.4277774691581726, -1.0249099731445312, -8.995088577270508, -3.4937169551849365, 0.7673622369766235, -1.6504380702972412 }, { -1.0006977319717407, -0.8660659790039062, -0.0415676049888134, -0.5476861000061035, -0.7828258872032166, -0.05350146442651749, 0.005586389917880297, -0.052493464201688766, 0.07955628633499146, -0.08084911853075027, 0.09794406592845917, -0.031214063987135887, -0.7785998582839966, -0.27977627515792847, -0.4096711277961731, -0.24633635580539703, -1.5932326316833496, -0.5430923104286194 }, { -0.2330777496099472, -0.07477551698684692, -1.0634428262710571, -1.772096872329712, -1.4657013416290283, 0.6256936192512512, -0.1179097518324852, 0.07645376771688461, 0.008837736211717129, 0.030952733010053635, -0.013960030861198902, 1.0339184999465942, 0.20350944995880127, -0.047291483730077744, -4.043337345123291, -0.7629795670509338, -5.41167688369751, -3.7755305767059326 }, { 0.00979659240692854, 0.11435728520154953, -0.4749748706817627, 1.5166815519332886, -5.3047380447387695, 0.9597445130348206, 0.08123911172151566, 0.039479970932006836, -0.01649349369108677, -0.04941410943865776, 0.020120851695537567, -0.16329358518123627, 0.36106961965560913, 0.5348165035247803, 0.11825983971357346, 0.2075480818748474, -1.8661850690841675, 1.4093444347381592 }, { -0.35534173250198364, 0.3471201956272125, -0.2657061517238617, -2.4178225994110107, -3.890836238861084, 0.5999298691749573, -0.10068143904209137, 0.530009388923645, 0.023632165044546127, -0.006245455238968134, 0.031124670058488846, 0.016797777265310287, 1.720144510269165, -0.3200121223926544, 0.17827671766281128, -1.0847045183181763, 0.7679504156112671, 1.1521148681640625 }, { 0.047243088483810425, -0.07313758134841919, -0.13496115803718567, -1.0498348474502563, -2.083388328552246, 0.3018227815628052, 0.019016921520233154, 0.00780009850859642, -0.02416112646460533, -0.012299800291657448, 0.019720694050192833, 0.019809948280453682, -1.637327790260315, 0.09307140856981277, 2.963168144226074, 0.515803337097168, 0.02399904653429985, -3.9851980209350586 }, { -0.6250298023223877, -0.4796958863735199, 0.4311320185661316, -1.4590528011322021, -4.861763000488281, -1.1894060373306274, 0.31154727935791016, -0.028901753947138786, 0.07241783291101456, 0.0573900043964386, -0.16387903690338135, -0.7621306777000427, 2.864539623260498, 1.126343011856079, -0.729159414768219, 15.2516450881958, -0.5845442414283752, -0.2593745291233063 }, { -0.4520488679409027, -0.37348034977912903, -0.22873088717460632, 2.816544532775879, 0.635391891002655, 1.7192658185958862, -0.042334891855716705, -0.012391769327223301, -0.00944773480296135, -0.047271229326725006, 0.045244403183460236, 1.1044175624847412, -2.682516098022461, -1.797003984451294, -5.227936744689941, 0.3994572162628174, -3.361297130584717, -0.16535422205924988 }, { 1.3437395095825195, 0.05596136301755905, -0.6534030437469482, -3.2173333168029785, -3.256056785583496, 3.164973020553589, -0.6149216294288635, 0.3425371050834656, -0.13111716508865356, -0.42127469182014465, -0.0668950155377388, 0.19484268128871918, 2.005012273788452, -3.41219425201416, -0.3146309554576874, -2.1181774139404297, 2.2965285778045654, 5.287317276000977 } }; double[] t5 = { -1.173705816268921, -1.8888208866119385, -2.566594123840332, 0.1278465986251831, 0.05948356166481972, -0.021375492215156555, -1.554726243019104, -2.2256762981414795, 1.3142614364624023 }; double[,] t6 = { { -0.023421021178364754, 0.17735084891319275, -0.1922600418329239, -0.11634820699691772, 0.05003879591822624, 0.07409390062093735, -0.131203755736351, -0.11743484437465668, -1.1311017274856567 }, { -0.6256148219108582, -0.08678799867630005, 0.08910120278596878, -0.06354714930057526, 0.05225379019975662, 0.028936704620718956, -2.069547176361084, 0.16652414202690125, 0.4840211570262909 }, { -0.9266191720962524, 0.1542767435312271, -1.511458396911621, -2.2593629360198975, 0.32768234610557556, 0.728438138961792, 1.4113644361495972, -2.9423279762268066, -1.1225157976150513 }, { -0.31864309310913086, -0.06739992648363113, 1.8643943071365356, 0.12609687447547913, 0.003282073885202408, -0.08565603941679001, 0.22951357066631317, -3.9096572399139404, -0.5148558020591736 }, { 0.0030701414216309786, 0.22653144598007202, -0.1772366166114807, 0.01472154725342989, 0.006688127294182777, 0.029435427859425545, -0.049562305212020874, -0.01126908790320158, -0.09357477724552155 }, { -0.003160204039886594, 0.004133348818868399, 0.003914407920092344, 0.013578329235315323, 0.0036796496715396643, 0.028364477679133415, 0.025828130543231964, -0.030584659427404404, -0.0449080727994442 }, { -0.15649960935115814, 0.7045242786407471, 4.971825122833252, 0.26150253415107727, 0.25615766644477844, -0.007457265630364418, 0.4002840220928192, -4.386100769042969, -0.14405106008052826 }, { -1.283564805984497, -1.0451316833496094, -9.010445594787598, -0.23629669845104218, 0.8792487978935242, 0.12951965630054474, 2.7414908409118652, -10.04093074798584, 0.08805646747350693 }, { 0.5142691731452942, 0.27933982014656067, 17.242839813232422, -0.14753387868404388, 0.35601550340652466, -0.03304799646139145, -0.3745580017566681, 3.6696081161499023, 0.18306805193424225 } }; double[] t7 = { 0.057645831257104874 }; double[,] t8 = { { 0.02502649463713169, 0.030625218525528908, -0.04921620339155197, -0.06382419914007187, -0.0018273837631568313, -0.002946096006780863, -0.3073849678039551, -0.0770358145236969, 0.44145819544792175 } }; FillLayer(lr1, t, t2); FillLayer(lr2, t3, t4); FillLayer(lr3, t5, t6); FillLayer(outputLayer, t7, t8); } }

神经网络调用：

  public double StateRatingByNNet() { double result = 0; List<double> xdata = new List<double>(); double sign = 1; if (ball.velocity.Z < 0) sign = -1; double signX = 1; if (ball.velocity.X * sign < 0) signX = -1; xdata.Add(ball.velocity.X * sign * signX); xdata.Add(ball.velocity.Y); xdata.Add(ball.velocity.Z * sign); xdata.Add(ball.position.X * sign * signX); xdata.Add(ball.position.Y); xdata.Add(ball.position.Z * sign); List<double> o = nnet.predict(xdata); return result + o[0] * sign; }

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Source: https://habr.com/ru/post/zh-CN439886/

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